Covers the electromagnetic, weak, and strong forces (not gravity) and classifies all known elementary particles.
The Standard Model of physics covers the electromagnetic, weak, and strong forces (not gravity) and classifies all known elementary particles. It, along with general relativity (which covers gravity), are the two main models of physics.
It’s actually just a formula:
No idea what any of that means.
Fermions
The standard model is all about particles. There are 3 groups of 4 particles that make up matter - these 12 are Fermions, and they obey the Pauli Exclusion Principle. This basically means they cannot occupy the same space at the same time.
| Normal Matter Ones | Heavier Ones | Heaviest Ones |
|---|---|---|
| Electron | Muon (200x heavier) | Tau (3500x heavier) |
| Up | Charm | Top |
| Down | Strange | Bottom |
| Neutrino | Muon Neutrino | Tau Neutrino |
| The “Normal Matter” ones are my wording. They make up everything around that you think of. |
- Protons are a combination of 2 “Up” quarks and 1 “Down”
- Neutrons are a combination of 1 “Up” quark and 2 “Down”
Bosons
Alongside the 12 Fermions are 5 Bosons, which give rise to the 3 forces (strong, weak, and electromagnetism). They also include the Higgs Boson, which gives rise to mass - yet for some reason this doesn’t make gravity part of the standard model? I don’t get quantum physics. Sue me.
| Force | Related Bosons | Force Reference | Note |
|---|---|---|---|
| Electromagnetism | Photon | Chemistry | Radiates Out |
| Strong Force | Gluon | Fission | Only happens between Fermions |
| Weak Force | W Boson & Z Boson | Fusion | It’s actually about decay. And its the only one that affects neutrinos |
| Higgs Boson | Mass | Dunno why this doesn’t mean gravity is in the Standard Model. |